- 1 1. ã¯ããã«
- 2 2. ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã®åºæ¬
- 3 3. ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³
- 4 4. ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³
- 5 5. ãšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°
- 6 6. å¿çšäŸ
- 7 7. ãããã質åïŒFAQïŒ
- 7.1 ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããªãå Žåã®å¯ŸåŠæ³
- 7.2 æžã蟌ã¿ãåæ ãããªãåå ãšè§£æ±ºç
- 7.3 ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãšããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã®éã
- 7.4 ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãéã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããå Žåã¯ã©ãããã°ããã§ããïŒ
- 7.5 ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãéã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®åé¡ãçºçããŸããã©ã察åŠããã°ããã§ããïŒ
- 7.6 ãŸãšã
- 8 8. ãŸãšã
1. ã¯ããã«
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããŠããã¡ã€ã«ã®èªã¿æžãã¯éåžžã«éèŠãªæäœã®äžã€ã§ããCèšèªã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«æäœã®åºæ¬ãšããŠãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãªãŒãã³ãããŒã¿ã®æžã蟌ã¿ããã¡ã€ã«ã®ã¯ããŒãºãšãã£ãæµããç解ããããšãæ±ããããŸãããã®èšäºã§ã¯ãCèšèªã§ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãããã®åºç€çãªæ¹æ³ãšå ·äœäŸãäžå¿ã«è§£èª¬ããŠãããŸãã
ãã¡ã€ã«ã®æžã蟌ã¿ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æ°žç¶åãä»ã®ããã°ã©ã ãšã®ããŒã¿å ±æã«æŽ»çšããããããå€ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã§äœ¿ãããéèŠãªã¹ãã«ã§ãããŸããCèšèªã«ãããŠãã¡ã€ã«æäœãåŠã¶ããšã§ãä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ã®ãã¡ã€ã«æäœãç解ãããããªããŸãããã®èšäºãéããŠãåºæ¬çãªæžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³ããå¿çšçãªãšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°ãŸã§ãåŠã³ããã¡ã€ã«æäœã«å¯Ÿããç解ãæ·±ããŠãããŸãããã
次ã®ç« ã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã®ééæäœãæžã蟌ã¿ã¢ãŒãã«ã€ããŠåºæ¬ãã説æããŠãããŸãã
2. ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã®åºæ¬
Cèšèªã§ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãã«ã¯ããŸããã¡ã€ã«ãéãæäœãå¿
èŠã§ãããã¡ã€ã«ãéãéã«ã¯ãã©ã®ãããªç®çã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããããæå®ããå¿
èŠããããŸããCèšèªã§ã¯fopen
é¢æ°ã䜿çšããŠãã¡ã€ã«ãéããfclose
é¢æ°ã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããããã§ã¯ãåºæ¬çãªãã¡ã€ã«ã®ééæäœãšãæžã蟌ã¿ã¢ãŒãã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
fopen
é¢æ°ã®äœ¿ãæ¹
ãã¡ã€ã«ãéãã«ã¯ãfopen
é¢æ°ãçšããŸãããã®é¢æ°ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«åãšã¢ãŒãïŒãã¡ã€ã«æäœã®çš®é¡ïŒãåŒæ°ã«åããŸããfopen
ã®åºæ¬æ§æã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode);
filename
: éããããã¡ã€ã«ã®ååïŒãã¹ïŒmode
: ãã¡ã€ã«ã®éãæ¹ïŒæžã蟌ã¿ãèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãè¿œèšãªã©ïŒ
æžã蟌ã¿ã¢ãŒãã®çš®é¡
ãã¡ã€ã«ãéãã¢ãŒãã«ã¯ããã€ãã®çš®é¡ããããŸããããã§ã¯ãç¹ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã«é¢é£ããã¢ãŒãã玹ä»ããŸãã
"w"
: æžã蟌ã¿å°çšã¢ãŒãããã¡ã€ã«ãæ¢ã«ååšããå Žåãå 容ãæ¶å»ãããŸããååšããªãå Žåã¯æ°ãããã¡ã€ã«ãäœæãããŸãã"a"
: è¿œèšå°çšã¢ãŒãããã¡ã€ã«ãæ¢ã«ååšããå Žåãæ«å°Ÿã«ããŒã¿ãè¿œå ãããŸããååšããªãå Žåã¯æ°ãããã¡ã€ã«ãäœæãããŸãã"wb"
: ãã€ããªæžã蟌ã¿ã¢ãŒãããã¡ã€ã«ãæ¢ã«ååšããå Žåãå 容ãæ¶å»ããããã€ããªåœ¢åŒã§æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãããŸããååšããªãå Žåã¯æ°èŠäœæãããŸãã
æžã蟌ã¿äŸ
以äžã«ããã¡ã€ã«ãæ°èŠäœæããŠæžã蟌ãã³ãŒãäŸã瀺ããŸãããã¡ã€ã«ããã§ã«ååšããå Žåã¯å
容ãæ¶å»ããã"w"
ã¢ãŒãã§æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ããŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "w"); // "w"ã¢ãŒãã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãéã
if (file == NULL) {
printf("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ããã
");
return 1;
}
fprintf(file, "ããã«ã¡ã¯ãCèšèªã§ã®ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã§ãïŒ
"); // ãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ã¿
fclose(file); // ãã¡ã€ã«ãéãã
printf("ãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããŸããã
");
return 0;
}
ãã®äŸã§ã¯ãfopen
é¢æ°ã§”example.txt”ãšãããã¡ã€ã«ãæ°èŠäœæããfprintf
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠããã¹ãããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãã§ããŸããæžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããããfclose
é¢æ°ã§å¿
ããã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããfclose
ãåŒã³åºããªããšãããŒã¿ãæ£ããä¿åãããªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã®ã§ããã¡ã€ã«ã䜿çšããåŸã¯å¿
ãéããããšãå¿ããªãããã«ããŸãããã
fclose
é¢æ°ã®éèŠæ§
fclose
é¢æ°ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ãéããåŸã«å¿
ãåŒã³åºãã¹ãé¢æ°ã§ãããã¡ã€ã«ãéããããšã§ãã·ã¹ãã ãªãœãŒã¹ã解æŸããããŒã¿ã®ä¿åã確å®ã«ããŸãããã¡ã€ã«ãéããããã«ããã°ã©ã ãçµäºãããšãæžã蟌ã¿ãäžæãããå¯èœæ§ããããããå¿
ãfclose
ã䜿ãç¿æ
£ãã€ããŸãããã
次ã®ç« ã§ã¯ãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãžã®å ·äœçãªæžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³ãããã«è©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãã

3. ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³
Cèšèªã§ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãæ¹æ³ã«ã¯ãæååäœãæåååäœããã©ãŒãããä»ãã®ããŒã¿åäœã®3ã€ããããŸããããããã«é©ããé¢æ°ãçšæãããŠãããçšéã«å¿ããŠäœ¿ãåããããšãå¯èœã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãfputc
ãfputs
ãfprintf
ã®3ã€ã®é¢æ°ã䜿çšããæžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³ã解説ããŸãã
fputc
é¢æ°ã«ãã1æåã®æžã蟌ã¿
fputc
é¢æ°ã¯ã1æåãã€ãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãããã®é¢æ°ã§ããã·ã³ãã«ã§ãäž»ã«1æååäœã§ã®æäœãå¿
èŠãªå Žåã«å©çšãããŸããæ§æã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
int fputc(int character, FILE *stream);
character
: æžã蟌ã¿ããæåstream
: ãã¡ã€ã«ãã€ã³ã¿
fputc
ã®äœ¿çšäŸ
以äžã«ããã¡ã€ã«ã«1æåãã€æžã蟌ãäŸã瀺ããŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "w");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ããã
");
return 1;
}
fputc('A', file); // 'A'ãæžã蟌ã
fputc('B', file); // 'B'ãæžã蟌ã
fputc('\n', file); // æ¹è¡ãæžã
fclose(file);
printf("æåã®æžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããŸããã
");
return 0;
}
ãã®äŸã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã«'A'
ãš'B'
ãšãã2ã€ã®æåã1æåãã€æžã蟌ãã§ããŸããå°èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãéã«äŸ¿å©ãªé¢æ°ã§ãã
fputs
é¢æ°ã«ããæååã®æžã蟌ã¿
fputs
é¢æ°ã¯ãæååå
šäœãäžåºŠã«æžã蟌ãããã®é¢æ°ã§ãã1æåãã€æžãå¿
èŠããªããããå¹ççã«ããã¹ãããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãããšãã§ããŸããæ§æã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
int fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream);
str
: æžã蟌ã¿ããæååstream
: ãã¡ã€ã«ãã€ã³ã¿
fputs
ã®äœ¿çšäŸ
次ã«ããã¡ã€ã«ã«æååãæžã蟌ãäŸã瀺ããŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "w");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ããã
");
return 1;
}
fputs("ããã¯fputsé¢æ°ã§ã®æžã蟌ã¿äŸã§ãã\n", file);
fclose(file);
printf("æååã®æžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããŸããã
");
return 0;
}
ãã®ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãfputs
é¢æ°ã䜿çšããŠã”ããã¯fputsé¢æ°ã§ã®æžã蟌ã¿äŸã§ãã”ãšããæååãäžåºŠã«æžã蟌ãã§ããŸããå¹ççã«æååããã¡ã€ã«ã«åºåãããå Žåã«é©ããŠããŸãã
fprintf
é¢æ°ã«ãããã©ãŒããããããããŒã¿ã®æžã蟌ã¿
fprintf
é¢æ°ã¯ãCèšèªã®æšæºå
¥å/åºåé¢æ°ã§ããprintf
ã®ãã¡ã€ã«çã§ããããã©ãŒããããæå®ããŠæžã蟌ãããšãã§ããŸããæ°å€ãæååãå«ãè€éãªããŒã¿ãæŽåœ¢ããŠåºåããå Žåã«äŸ¿å©ã§ãã
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
stream
: ãã¡ã€ã«ãã€ã³ã¿format
: ãã©ãŒãããæå®åãå«ãæåå
fprintf
ã®äœ¿çšäŸ
以äžã®äŸã§ã¯ãfprintf
ã䜿çšããŠããã©ãŒããããããããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ã¿ãŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "w");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ããã
");
return 1;
}
int number = 123;
float decimal = 45.67;
fprintf(file, "æŽæ°: %d, å°æ°: %.2f\n", number, decimal);
fclose(file);
printf("ãã©ãŒããããããããŒã¿ã®æžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããŸããã
");
return 0;
}
ãã®ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãfprintf
ã䜿çšããŠãæŽæ°ãšå°æ°ãæŽåœ¢ããªãããã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãã§ããŸãã%d
ã%.2f
ãšãã£ããã©ãŒãããæå®åã䜿ãããšã§ãä»»æã®åœ¢åŒã§ããŒã¿ãåºåã§ããŸãã
ãŸãšã
fputc
ãfputs
ãfprintf
ã¯ãCèšèªã§ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã«ããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãéã«åœ¹ç«ã€é¢æ°ã§ããçšéã«å¿ããŠäœ¿ãåããããšã§ãå¹ççãã€æè»ã«ãã¡ã€ã«æäœãè¡ããŸãã次ã®ç« ã§ã¯ããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãã
4. ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿æ¹æ³
Cèšèªã§ã¯ãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã ãã§ãªããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã«ãããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãããšãå¯èœã§ãããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿ã¯ãç»åãé³å£°ããŒã¿ãæ§é äœã®ããŒã¿ããã®ãŸãŸä¿åãããå Žåã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããããã§ã¯ãfwrite
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠãã€ããªããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãæ¹æ³ãšããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«æäœã®æ³šæç¹ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
fwrite
é¢æ°ã®äœ¿ãæ¹
ãã€ããªããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãéã«ã¯ãfwrite
é¢æ°ã䜿çšããŸããfwrite
ã¯æå®ããã¡ã¢ãªé åã®ããŒã¿ããã®ãŸãŸãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ããããæååã ãã§ãªãæ§é äœãªã©è€éãªããŒã¿ã®æžã蟌ã¿ã«ãå©çšã§ããŸãã
size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *stream);
ptr
: æžã蟌ã¿ããããŒã¿ãžã®ãã€ã³ã¿size
: æžã蟌ãããŒã¿ã®1èŠçŽ ã®ãµã€ãºïŒãã€ãåäœïŒcount
: æžã蟌ãèŠçŽ ã®æ°stream
: ãã¡ã€ã«ãã€ã³ã¿
ãã€ããªã¢ãŒãã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãéã
ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãæžã蟌ãéã«ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ãéããšãã«ãwb
ãããab
ããšãã£ããã€ããªã¢ãŒãã䜿çšããŸããããã«ãããããã¹ãã®æ¹è¡ãç¹æ®æåã®æ±ããããã¹ãã¢ãŒããšã¯ç°ãªããããŒã¿ããã®ãŸãŸä¿åãããããã«ãªããŸãã
fwrite
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ããã€ããªæžã蟌ã¿ã®äŸ
以äžã®äŸã§ã¯ãæŽæ°ã®é åããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãã§ããŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.bin", "wb");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ããã
");
return 1;
}
int data[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
size_t dataSize = sizeof(data) / sizeof(data[0]);
fwrite(data, sizeof(int), dataSize, file);
fclose(file);
printf("ãã€ããªããŒã¿ã®æžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããŸããã
");
return 0;
}
ãã®äŸã§ã¯ãfwrite
ã䜿ã£ãŠint
åã®æŽæ°é
åããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã«ãã®ãŸãŸæžã蟌ãã§ããŸããããŒã¿ããã®ãŸãŸã®åœ¢ã§ä¿åãããããããŒã¿éãå€ããŠãå¹ççã«åŠçã§ããŸãã
ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã®æ³šæç¹
- ããŒã¿ã®äºææ§ïŒãã€ããªããŒã¿ã¯ç°å¢äŸåã®ãããç°ãªãã·ã¹ãã ã§èªã¿èŸŒããšããŒã¿ã®è§£éãç°ãªãããšããããŸããåãç°å¢ã§èªã¿æžãããå Žåã«ã¯åé¡ãããŸããããå¥ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§æ±ãå Žåã¯æ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ïŒããŒã¿ã®ä¿å圢åŒïŒãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ïŒãç°ãªãç°å¢ã§ã¯ããã€ããªããŒã¿ãæ£ãã解éã§ããªãå ŽåããããŸããç°ãªããšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®ç°å¢ã§ããŒã¿ãããåãããå Žåã«ã¯ããšã³ãã£ã¢ã³å€æãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- æ¹è¡ã®æ±ãïŒããã¹ãã¢ãŒããšéãããã€ããªã¢ãŒãã§ã¯æ¹è¡ãªã©ã®ç¹æ®æåãèªåçã«å€æãããããšã¯ãããŸããããã®ãããããŒã¿ãæ£ç¢ºã«ãã®ãŸãŸã®åœ¢ã§ä¿åãããŸãã
ãŸãšã
ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿ã¯ãããŒã¿ããã®ãŸãŸä¿åããå¿
èŠãããå Žåã«æå¹ã§ããfwrite
é¢æ°ãçšããããšã§ãå¹ççãã€æè»ã«ããŒã¿ã®ä¿åãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã次ã®ç« ã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«æäœã«ãããŠéèŠãªãšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã

5. ãšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°
ãã¡ã€ã«æäœãè¡ãéã«ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã®ååšãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©éãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠãšã©ãŒãçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããããã®ãšã©ãŒã«é©åã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšã§ãäºæãã¬åäœãé²ããããã°ã©ã ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãCèšèªã§ã®ãã¡ã€ã«æäœã«ããããšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
ãã¡ã€ã«ãªãŒãã³æã®ãšã©ãŒãã§ãã¯
ãã¡ã€ã«ãéãéã«ãæå®ãããã¡ã€ã«ãååšããªãå Žåãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©éããªãå Žåã«ã¯ãfopen
é¢æ°ãNULL
ãè¿ããŸãããã®NULL
ã確èªããããšã§ããã¡ã€ã«ãæ£ããéããªãã£ãå Žåã®ãšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°ãå¯èœã§ãã
ãã¡ã€ã«ãªãŒãã³æã®ãšã©ãŒãã§ãã¯äŸ
以äžã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ãæ£ããéããªãã£ãå Žåã«ãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããäŸã§ãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
if (file == NULL) {
perror("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ãã");
return 1;
}
// ãã¡ã€ã«æäœåŠç
fclose(file);
return 0;
}
ãã®äŸã§ã¯ãfopen
ã倱æããå Žåã«perror
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããŠããŸããperror
é¢æ°ã¯ããšã©ãŒåå ã«å¿ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãèªåçã«è¡šç€ºããŠãããããã䟿å©ã§ãã
perror
é¢æ°ãšstrerror
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®è¡šç€º
Cèšèªã«ã¯ããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããããã®äŸ¿å©ãªé¢æ°ãšããŠperror
ãšstrerror
ããããŸãã
perror
ïŒæšæºãšã©ãŒã¹ããªãŒã ïŒstderr
ïŒã«ãæå®ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãšãšã©ãŒåå ãé£çµããŠåºåããŸããstrerror
ïŒãšã©ãŒã³ãŒããåŒæ°ã«åãããã®ãšã©ãŒã³ãŒãã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžãè¿ããŸãã
strerror
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®äŸ
以äžã«ãstrerror
ã䜿çšããŠãšã©ãŒã³ãŒãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããäŸã瀺ããŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("nonexistent.txt", "r");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("ãšã©ãŒ: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
fclose(file);
return 0;
}
ãã®ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãerrno
å€æ°ãstrerror
ã«æž¡ããŠãšã©ãŒå
容ãååŸãããããåºåããŠããŸããerrno
ã¯çŽè¿ã®ãšã©ãŒã³ãŒããæ ŒçŽãããã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã§ããããã¡ã€ã«æäœã®ãšã©ãŒå
容ã確èªããéã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
æžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒã®æ€åºãšå¯ŸåŠæ³
ãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿äžã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããå ŽåããããŸãããã®ãããªå Žåã«ã¯ãferror
é¢æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠãšã©ãŒãæ€åºãã察åŠããããšãå¯èœã§ããferror
ã¯ããšã©ãŒãçºçããŠãããã確èªãããšã©ãŒãããå Žåã«ã¯éãŒãå€ãè¿ããŸãã
æžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒæ€åºã®äŸ
以äžã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãæžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒãçºçããéã«ãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããäŸã§ãã
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "w");
if (file == NULL) {
perror("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ãã");
return 1;
}
if (fprintf(file, "ããŒã¿ã®æžã蟌ã¿") < 0) {
perror("æžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒãçºçããŸãã");
fclose(file);
return 1;
}
fclose(file);
printf("æžã蟌ã¿ãå®äºããŸããã\n");
return 0;
}
ãã®äŸã§ã¯ãfprintf
é¢æ°ãè² ã®å€ãè¿ããå Žåã«ãæžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒãçºçãããšã¿ãªããŠãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžãåºåããŠããŸããæžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒãæ€åºããããšã§ãããŒã¿ãæ£åžžã«ä¿åãããŠããªãå Žåã«å¯ŸåŠããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸãšã
ãã¡ã€ã«æäœã«ãããŠããšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°ã¯ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãããã°ã©ã ãäœæããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®ãªãŒãã³æãæžã蟌ã¿æã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããå Žåãé©åã«ãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããããã°ã©ã ã®åäœãå¶åŸ¡ããããšã§ãå®å šãã€å ç¢ãªã³ãŒããæžãããšãå¯èœã§ãã次ã®ç« ã§ã¯ãå®çšçãªå¿çšäŸãšããŠããã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿ãèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®çæã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
6. å¿çšäŸ
ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã®åºæ¬ãç解ãããšããã§ãããã§ã¯å ·äœçãªå¿çšäŸã玹ä»ããŸããå®éã®ããã°ã©ã éçºã§ã¯ããã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®ããŒã¿æžã蟌ã¿ãèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®çæãããã«ããŒã¿ã®ã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºãšãã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºïŒããŒã¿æ§é ããã¡ã€ã«ã«ä¿åã»èªã¿èŸŒã¿ããæäœïŒãšãã£ããã¡ã€ã«æäœãé »ç¹ã«çšããããŸãããããã®äŸãéããŠããã¡ã€ã«æäœãå®éã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã©ã®ããã«æŽ»çšã§ããããåŠã³ãŸãããã
ãã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®ããŒã¿æžã蟌ã¿
ããã°ã©ã ã®åäœãèšé²ããããã«ããã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœæããããšã¯ãããããŸãããšã©ãŒçºçæãåŠçç¶æ³ã®è¿œè·¡ã®ããã«ããã°ãã¡ã€ã«ã«æ å ±ãæžã蟌ãããšã§ãåé¡ã®ãã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã容æã«ãªããŸãã
ãã°ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã®äŸ
以äžã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãçŸåšã®æ¥æãšã¡ãã»ãŒãžããã°ãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãäŸã§ãã
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
void log_message(const char *message) {
FILE *file = fopen("log.txt", "a");
if (file == NULL) {
perror("ãã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ãã");
return;
}
time_t now = time(NULL);
struct tm *t = localtime(&now);
fprintf(file, "[%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d] %s\n",
t->tm_year + 1900, t->tm_mon + 1, t->tm_mday,
t->tm_hour, t->tm_min, t->tm_sec, message);
fclose(file);
}
int main() {
log_message("ããã°ã©ã ãéå§ãããŸããã");
log_message("ãšã©ãŒãçºçããŸããã");
return 0;
}
ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ãlog_message
é¢æ°ã䜿çšããŠlog.txt
ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ãã°ãæžã蟌ã¿ãŸãããã°ã¯è¿œèšã¢ãŒãa”ïŒã§éããããããæ¢åã®ãã°ããŒã¿ãä¿æããªããæ°ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãè¿œå ã§ããŸãããŸããæ¥æããã©ãŒãããããŠæžã蟌ãããšã§ãã©ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãèšé²ãããããåããããããªããŸãã
èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®çæ
èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®èšå®æ å ±ãä¿åããŠããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸããäŸãã°ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®åæèšå®ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºèšå®ãªã©ããã¡ã€ã«ã«ä¿åããããã°ã©ã èµ·åæã«ãã®æ å ±ãèªã¿èŸŒããšäŸ¿å©ã§ãã
èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®æžã蟌ã¿äŸ
次ã«ãåçŽãªèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ãçæããã³ãŒãäŸã瀺ããŸãã
#include <stdio.h>
void save_settings(const char *filename, int volume, int brightness) {
FILE *file = fopen(filename, "w");
if (file == NULL) {
perror("èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ãã");
return;
}
fprintf(file, "volume=%d\n", volume);
fprintf(file, "brightness=%d\n", brightness);
fclose(file);
}
int main() {
save_settings("settings.conf", 75, 50);
printf("èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ãä¿åãããŸããã\n");
return 0;
}
ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ãsave_settings
é¢æ°ã§settings.conf
ãšããèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ãçæããé³éãæããã®èšå®ããã¡ã€ã«ã«ä¿åããŸãããã¡ã€ã«ã«ã¯ãããŒ=å€ãã®åœ¢åŒã§èšå®ãèšé²ãããèªã¿ãããç·šéãããããã©ãŒãããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ããŒã¿ã®ã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºãšãã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãº
ã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºã¯ãããŒã¿æ§é ããã®ãŸãŸãã¡ã€ã«ã«ä¿åããæ¹æ³ã§ãããã®ããŒã¿ããã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãåŸã§åã³èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãããšãã«äœ¿çšãããŸããäŸãã°ãã²ãŒã ã®ã»ãŒãããŒã¿ãè€éãªããŒã¿æ§é ã®ä¿åã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
æ§é äœããŒã¿ã®ã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºäŸ
以äžã¯ãæ§é äœããã€ããªåœ¢åŒã§ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ä¿åããèªã¿èŸŒãã³ãŒãäŸã§ãã
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct {
int id;
char name[50];
float score;
} Student;
void save_student(const char *filename, Student *student) {
FILE *file = fopen(filename, "wb");
if (file == NULL) {
perror("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ãã");
return;
}
fwrite(student, sizeof(Student), 1, file);
fclose(file);
}
void load_student(const char *filename, Student *student) {
FILE *file = fopen(filename, "rb");
if (file == NULL) {
perror("ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸããã§ãã");
return;
}
fread(student, sizeof(Student), 1, file);
fclose(file);
}
int main() {
Student s1 = {1, "äœè€å€ªé", 89.5};
save_student("student.dat", &s1);
Student s2;
load_student("student.dat", &s2);
printf("ID: %d, åå: %s, ç¹æ°: %.2f\n", s2.id, s2.name, s2.score);
return 0;
}
ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ãStudent
ãšããæ§é äœããã€ããªåœ¢åŒã§ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ä¿åããåŸã§èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãŸããsave_student
é¢æ°ã§æ§é äœã®å
容ããã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãload_student
é¢æ°ã§ãã®å
容ãåã³èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãŸããã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºãããããŒã¿ã¯ãä¿åããç¶æ
ã®ãŸãŸä¿æããããããåŸã§ããã°ã©ã ã«ãã®ãŸãŸåã蟌ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸãšã
ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã®å¿çšäŸãšããŠããã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ããããŠã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºã®æ¹æ³ã玹ä»ããŸããããããã®æäœã¯ãå€ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ãããŠãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãã©ã®ããã«æŽ»çšããããã瀺ããŠããŸãã次ã®ç« ã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ã«ã€ããŠèªè ããå¯ãããããããã質åïŒFAQïŒã«çããŸãã
7. ãããã質åïŒFAQïŒ
Cèšèªã§ãã¡ã€ã«ã®æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãéã«ãååŠè ããããå¯ãããã質åããŸãšããŸãããå質åã«å¯ŸããŠã解決æ¹æ³ã泚æç¹ã詳ãã解説ããŸãããããã®FAQãåèã«ããã¡ã€ã«æäœã®çåãåé¡ã解æ¶ããŠãã ããã
ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããªãå Žåã®å¯ŸåŠæ³
Q: fopen
ã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸãããã©ãããã°ããã§ããïŒ
A: fopen
ãNULL
ãè¿ããå Žåã以äžã®ç¹ã確èªããŠãã ããã
- ãã¡ã€ã«ãã¹ãæ£ããã: ãã¡ã€ã«ãååšããå Žæãšããã°ã©ã ãæããŠãããã¹ãäžèŽããŠããã確èªããŸãããã
- ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©é: ãã¡ã€ã«ã®èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãæžã蟌ã¿ãèš±å¯ãããŠãããã確èªããŸããæžã蟌ã¿ã«ã¯æžã蟌ã¿æš©éãèªã¿èŸŒã¿ã«ã¯èªã¿èŸŒã¿æš©éãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãã£ã¹ã¯å®¹é: 空ããã£ã¹ã¯å®¹éãäžè¶³ããŠããå Žåããã¡ã€ã«ãæ°èŠã«äœæããããšãã§ããŸããã
perror
ãstrerror
ã䜿çš: ãšã©ãŒã®è©³çŽ°ã¯perror
ãstrerror
ãçšãããšäŸ¿å©ã§ãããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ãããããšã§ãåå ãç¹å®ãããããªããŸãã
æžã蟌ã¿ãåæ ãããªãåå ãšè§£æ±ºç
Q: ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãã ã®ã«ãå 容ãåæ ãããŠããŸããã
A: ãã¡ã€ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãåæ ãããªãå Žåã以äžã確èªããŠãã ããã
fclose
é¢æ°ã®äœ¿çš: ãã¡ã€ã«ãæžã蟌ã¿åŸã«å¿ ãfclose
é¢æ°ãåŒã³åºããŠããŸããïŒfclose
ã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããªããšããããã¡ãªã³ã°ãããŠããããŒã¿ãæ£ããä¿åãããªãããšããããŸãã- ãããã¡ã®ãã©ãã·ã¥: å³åº§ã«æžã蟌ã¿ãåæ ããããå Žåã
fflush
é¢æ°ã䜿çšããŠãããã¡ãæåã§ãã©ãã·ã¥ã§ããŸããäŸãã°ãfflush(file);
ã䜿çšãããšãæžã蟌ã¿ã匷å¶çã«åæ ãããŸãã - ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®ãã£ãã·ã¥: äžéšã®OSã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«æäœã®çµæãé ããŠåæ ãããããšããããŸããæžã蟌ã¿åŸã®åäœç¢ºèªãããéã«ã¯ãOSã®ãã£ãã·ã¥ãèæ ®ããŸãããã
ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãšããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã®éã
Q: ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãšããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã¯äœãéãã®ã§ããïŒ
A: ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãšãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãããããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ã®ä¿å圢åŒ:
- ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã¯æåïŒããã¹ãïŒããŒã¿ãšããŠä¿åãããæ¹è¡ãç¹æ®æåãå€æãããŠä¿åãããŸããäŸãã°ãWindowsã§ã¯æ¹è¡ã
"\r\n"
ãšããŠä¿åãããUNIXç³»ã§ã¯"\n"
ãšããŠä¿åãããŸãã - ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ããŒã¿ããã®ãŸãŸã®åœ¢åŒã§ä¿åããŸããããŒã¿ã®å€æãè¡ãããªããããæ¹è¡ãªã©ããã®ãŸãŸèšé²ãããŸããç»åãé³å£°ãæ§é äœããŒã¿ãªã©ã®ä¿åã«é©ããŠããŸãã
- çšé:
- ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã¯äž»ã«ãã°ãèšå®æ å ±ãªã©ã®äººãèªãç®çã§äœ¿çšãããŸãã
- ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã¯æ©æ¢°ãçŽæ¥èªã¿åãããã«äœ¿çšãããã·ãªã¢ã©ã€ãºãããæ§é äœããŒã¿ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ä¿åã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ããŒã¿ãæžã蟌ãéã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããå Žåã¯ã©ãããã°ããã§ããïŒ
Q: fprintf
ãfwrite
ã§æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãéã«ãšã©ãŒãçºçããŸããã
A: æžã蟌ã¿ãšã©ãŒã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã®ç¶æ ãã·ã¹ãã ãªãœãŒã¹ã®åé¡ãåå ã§çºçããããšããããŸãã以äžã®å¯ŸåŠæ³ãè©ŠããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
ferror
é¢æ°ã䜿çš: ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ãšã©ãŒããããã©ããã確èªããããã«ferror
é¢æ°ã䜿ããŸãããããšã©ãŒãçºçããå Žåã¯ãferror
ãéãŒãã®å€ãè¿ããŸãã- ãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺:
perror
é¢æ°ã§ãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããå ·äœçãªãšã©ãŒå 容ã確èªããŠãã ããã - ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã®ç©ºã容éã確èª: ãã£ã¹ã¯ã®ç©ºã容éãäžè¶³ããŠããå Žåãæžã蟌ã¿ãäžæãããããšããããŸãã空ã容éã確èªããŠã¿ãŸãããã
- ãã¡ã€ã«ã¢ãŒãã®ç¢ºèª: ãã¡ã€ã«ãæ£ããã¢ãŒãïŒæžã蟌ã¿å¯èœãªã¢ãŒãïŒã§éãããŠãããã確èªããŸãã
ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãéã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®åé¡ãçºçããŸããã©ã察åŠããã°ããã§ããïŒ
Q: ç°ãªãã·ã¹ãã ã§ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãå ±æãããã®ã§ããããšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®éããåå ã§ããŒã¿ãæ£ããèªã¿èŸŒããŸããã
A: ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ãšã¯ãããŒã¿ã®ãã€ãé åºã®éããæããŸããç°ãªããšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®ã·ã¹ãã éã§ããŒã¿ãå ±æããéã«ã¯ããšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®å€æãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³å€æé¢æ°ã®äœ¿çš:
htons
ãhtonl
ãªã©ã®ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³å€æé¢æ°ã䜿çšããŠãããŒã¿ããããã¯ãŒã¯ãã€ããªãŒããŒã«å€æããŠä¿åããæ¹æ³ããããŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯ãã€ããªãŒããŒã¯å ±éã®ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³èŠçŽã§ãããå€ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§äºææ§ããããŸãã - ãããžã§ã¯ãã§å ±éã®ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã䜿çš: äžè²«æ§ãä¿ã€ãããå šã·ã¹ãã ãåããšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã䜿çšããããã«ãããããã¡ã€ã«å ã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³æ å ±ãæ ŒçŽããæ¹æ³ãæå¹ã§ãã
- ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã®èªåå€å¥: ãã¡ã€ã«ãã©ãŒãããã®å é ã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³æ å ±ãä¿åããèªã¿èŸŒã¿æã«ã·ã¹ãã ãèªåçã«å€å¥ããŠé©åãªé åºã§ããŒã¿ãèªã¿èŸŒãããã«èšèšããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãŸãšã
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